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Authors
El-Ashry, Ayman Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7718-4942
Khedr, Mahmoud Abdelwahab
El-Sayed, Mona Metwally
Abdelhay, Islam Sameh
Zeid, Mennat-Allah G. Abou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-4867
Abdo, Bashair Mohamed Elsayed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 15 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2008) by the World Medical Association. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Egypt (IRB/DAMANHOUR/87 C/10/2023). Additionally, written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
