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Authors
Hu, Long-yi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-4653
Li, Si-qi
Zhou, Zi-yun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1725-0017
Wang, Ming-li
Zhou, Le-shan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7115
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Article History
Received: 18 October 2024
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 28 August 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University (E202352) before data collection and recruitment. The research followed the Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles. All participants gave their informed consent. Participants were juniors, all of whom were adults.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
