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Article History

Received: 18 June 2025

Accepted: 18 July 2025

First Online: 28 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The procedures employed in this study complied with the ethical standards of the relevant institutional and national research committees and adhered to the principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments or equivalent ethical guidelines. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Jen-Ai Hospital (JAH) under reference number 202500005A3, with approval granted on February 25, 2025. All participants were fully informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, and their rights, and written informed consent was obtained prior to participation.

: Every participant in the study provided their explicit informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.