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Authors
Du, Xingyao
Shi, Haoning
Peng, Ying
Jiang, Siqi
Song, Jingyan
Wang, Chunni
Li, Lin
Xiao, Mingzhao
Zhao, Qinghua
Huang, Huanhuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0845-7526
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 18 July 2025
First Online: 22 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (No.2024-033-01). Furthermore, this study strictly adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human subjects, as well as the publication ethics guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics. After explaining the anonymity and confidentiality of participation, participants were informed that they could refuse to participate or withdraw from participation at any time without penalty. All participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The three scales used in this study were not developed in-house; they were sourced from publicly available papers published online, properly cited in the main text, and corresponding references are provided.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
