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Article History

Received: 18 February 2025

Accepted: 21 July 2025

First Online: 24 July 2025

Declarations

:

: To conduct the study, ethics committee approval was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee of Atatürk University (No: 2021/391), and an institutional permission granted by Ataturk Unıversıty Research Hospital, the institution in which the study was conducted. The hospital’s institutional review board approved the study protocol. The study was conducted fulfilling the principle of “Respect for Autonomy”, whereby patients informed that they were free to participate in or leave the study, and the principle of “Confidentiality and Protection of Confidentiality”, whereby nurses in the study were informed that their information would be kept confidential. All study participants signed the informed consent form for participation. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.