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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 23 July 2025

First Online: 24 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The Declaration of Helsinki’s highest ethical standards were followed in this study to protect each participant’s rights, privacy, and welfare. A formal approval was obtained from the IRB of Tanta University before collecting the data with reference code (no. 202-1-2023). All participants were informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. They were also assured that their participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without repercussions. The confidentiality of personal data was rigorously maintained, and the data were anonymized to prevent any identifiable information from being linked to individual participants. Prior to the collection of data, informed consent was obtained from each participant, ensuring that they were aware of their rights and the objectives of the study. Furthermore, the study adhered to the ethical guidelines and standards for research involving human subjects as set forth by the university’s ethics review board and aligned with international best practices in health research ethics.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.