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Authors
Murakawa, Sho https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2233-7870
Ueda, Izumi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-5331
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22K11262)
Yuumi Memorial Foundation for Home Health Care
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted according to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The participants were informed about the study’s purpose, methods, risks, and benefits. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing detailed information about the study, including the voluntary nature of participation and their right to withdraw at any time without consequences. Participant privacy and confidentiality were protected through data anonymization, and all personally identifying information was removed from the transcripts and final report. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sapporo Medical University in November 2021 (Approval Number: 3-1-49).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
