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Authors
Huang, Qian
Wang, Lina
Huang, Haitao
Tang, Haishan
Liu, Jie
Chen, Chaoran
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Project (RKX202402028, RKX202402028)
Soft Science Project of the Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (242400410523)
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Article History
Received: 22 January 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior (Approval No. HUSOM2023-478). This study was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to distributing the questionnaire, informed consent was obtained from the nursing management departments of the participating hospitals. The purpose and significance of the study were thoroughly explained to all participants to ensure their understanding of the research. On this basis, informed consent was obtained from all participants, who voluntarily signed the consent form.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
