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Authors
Chou, Wan-Yu
Liu, Pei-Ching
Hou, I-Ching
Chou, Cheng-Chen
Chen, Chi-Wen
Liaw, Geng-Wang
Wu, Ying-Hui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (112-2622-8-A49-018)
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Article History
Received: 26 November 2024
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board of a medical center in Taiwan (IRB number: 22MMHIS254e) and the Institutional Review Board of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (IRB number: YM111103E). All participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose and procedures, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
