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Authors
Mohamed, Heba Sobhy https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6884-0933
Radwan, Ahmed Gamal Ghazaly https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-6319
Elborai, Asmaa Saber Ahmed Ahmed
Hamed, Alaa Eldin Moustafa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-0167
Barakat, Abeer Moustafa https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7467-7185
Elbakry, Mohammed Adel Abd Elhafeez https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4156-6918
Ismael, Zienab Ibrahem
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Helwan University
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Scientific Research Ethical Committee at the Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University (Approval ID: ZU.Nur.REC#:109) in September 2024. All participants provided written informed consent before participation. They were assured of voluntary participation, the right to withdraw at any time, and strict confidentiality of their responses. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
