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Article History

Received: 10 April 2025

Accepted: 21 August 2025

First Online: 23 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The research process involved obtaining all necessary ethical approvals, including permission from the instrument developers to use their validated tools. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) committee of the Arab American University-Palestine (Reference Number: J-2025/A/8/N). Approval was also obtained from relevant university authorities. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after they were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential benefits, and possible risks. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. To ensure confidentiality and anonymity, each questionnaire was assigned a code number, and all collected data were securely stored and used solely for research purposes.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not include any identifying images or personal/clinical details of participants that compromise anonymity.

: The authors declare no competing interests.