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Article History

Received: 5 October 2024

Accepted: 2 September 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College (Ref. No. PM23/1151), ensuring that it met the required ethical standards and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. Ethical clearance was also submitted to the selected hospitals’ medical directors, and written permission was obtained from the respective clinical directors. Data collection commenced after written informed consent was obtained from each participant, confirming their voluntary involvement and understanding of the study’s aims, procedures, potential risks, and benefits.To maintain confidentiality, participants were identified using alphabet codes with three-digit numbers instead of their names. They were advised not to use patient names or any other personal identifiers when describing their experiences. Participants were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time or decline to answer specific questions without penalty or loss of benefits. All data, including audio recordings and field notes, were kept solely in the possession of the primary investigator, ensuring privacy and data protection.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.