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Article History

Received: 20 May 2025

Accepted: 2 September 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study involved a retrospective review of medical files. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Al Madinah Health Cluster, approval number (IRB33-22), which granted a waiver of informed consent. The waiver was based on the nature of the study: data were collected exclusively by members of the healthcare team, and no identifiable or private information was recorded or disclosed. All data were anonymised at the point of extraction, ensuring that patient confidentiality and privacy were fully protected in accordance with ethical and legal standards. The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.