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Article History

Received: 23 June 2025

Accepted: 3 September 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University (Approval Number: KYLL202530) and conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Data were collected through online questionnaires and paper-based surveys. All participants received an informed consent form prior to the study, and participation in the survey was voluntary, with no incentives provided. Participants could withdraw at any time. All data were anonymously and securely stored, and only authorized researchers could access them. Authorized individuals were permitted to share anonymized data for academic research purposes, and participants were assured of the confidentiality of their data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.