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Authors
Li, Chuang
Lin, Youbei
Guo, Hong ye
Zhao, Haixia
Xiong, Jinyan
Xiao, Xu yang
Zhang, Lan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2024 Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Joint Program (2024-MSLH-168)
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Jinzhou Medical University (JZMULL2025012) and adhered to their ethical guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all participating students to ensure their confidentiality and anonymity. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Besides, there was no personal or professional relationship between the researchers and the participants. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
