Document is current

Article History

Received: 11 May 2025

Accepted: 8 September 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical principles in this study included obtaining informed consent from participants, explaining the study’s purpose, obtaining permission to record interviews, maintaining the confidentiality of all interviews, anonymizing participants’ names by assigning them numbers, faithfully transcribing interviews, and ensuring proper citation of sources. All participants provided informed consent for their participation and for recording their statements. Throughout the study, the ethical standards outlined in the Helsinki Declaration were observed. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of the Deputy for Research and Technology at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, under the approval code IR.KUMS.REC.1403.378.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.