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Authors
Du, Yanling
Wu, Chao
Gai, Ziyue
Gao, Li
He, Shizhe
Guo, Shujie
Zhang, Linyuan
Guo, Xiaolan
Yang, Yonghong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Air Force Medical University Rapid Response Research Project (2023KXKT018)
the Air Force Medical University Rapid Response Research Project (2023KXKT018)
Xijing Innovation Research Institute Joint Fund Project (LHJJ24HL01)
Xijing Innovation Research Institute Joint Fund Project (LHJJ24HL01)
Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Program Project (2024SF-YBXM-666)
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: All study protocols adhered to the Karolinska Institute’s ethical standards and the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its subsequent amendments. In addition, this study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the second hospital affiliated to Air Force Medical University(No. K202403-02), and participants gave consent to complete the online survey.
: All authors have approved the manuscript for publication, and it is an original study that has never been published previously and it is not being considered for publication elsewhere. Yanling Du, Chao Wu and Ziyue Gai are cofirst authors. Linyuan Zhang, Xiaolan Guo and Yonghong Yang are co-corresponding authors.
: Implications for Nursing Management. Our results indicate a critical need to improve Chinese CSNs’ career adaptability and optimize the management methods. Interventions at the departmental and organizational levels are desired to strengthen the training and utilization of CSNs.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
