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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 15 September 2025

First Online: 9 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University [Ethics Approval No.: 2024PS1124K]. At the request of the ethics committee, the present study was conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). To observe ethical considerations, the participants were provided with comprehensive information about the study goals and process. All participants provided written informed consent in all stages of the study. The participants were voluntarily enrolled, and they could withdraw from the study at any time. No names were written down or mentioned during the interviews. The interview recordings were deleted after transcription. The interviewees’ and the respondents’ confidentiality was maintained throughout the research process from data collection to publication.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.