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Authors
Su, Liqing
Zhang, Yumeng
Zhu, Qingying
Wang, Lijuan
Chang, Jian
Hu, Congxiu
Lu, Yuping
Zhang, Yanhong
Wang, Xiaping
Li, Zhaorong
Chen, Liying
Lin, Shengli
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Xiamen Medical College University-level Educational and Teaching Reform Project, Xiamen (XWSJ2025013)
Medical and Health Guidance Project of Xiamen City and Technology Bureau, Fujian Province (3502Z20244ZD1336)
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: All nurses in the study signed informed consent forms. The study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College (Ethical Approval No: [KS20250509002]), and it adhered to the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
