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Authors
Saifan, Ahmad Rajeh
Aldarawsheh, Ayman Abed
Al-Yateem, Nabeel
Alharbi, Hanan F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2500-6700
Ahmed, Fatma Refaat
Saleh, Zyad T.
Al-Ryahna, Safa’a
Rezq, Khulud Ahmad
Abujaber, Dana Anwer
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2025R441)
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study complied with the Helsinki Declaration for studies containing humans and/or human data. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Applied Science Private University.
: Not applicable.
: All participants provided consent for their participation in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
