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Authors
Asal, Maha Gamal Ramadan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-8898
El-Deeb, Hoda Abdou Abd El-Monem https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3626-5126
Amer, Mona Abd Elmaksoud https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-1273
Hawash, Mervat Abdel Hamid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-5393
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2024
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Helsinki Declaration. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt (Approval No: 2022-9-43) on August 14, 2022, and was prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration No: NCT05555524) on September 22, 2022. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the hospital administrative authorities. Patients signed informed consent before participation in the study. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The researchers ensured the privacy of the patients, the confidentiality of the collected data and the participants’ right to withdraw at any time from the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
