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Authors
Eltrass, Gamal Ali Abdelhamid
Abdelfattah, Sorayia Ramadan
Mourad, Ghada Mohammed
Shaban, Mostafa
El-Fatah, Wafaa Osman Abd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-8691
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Helwan University
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Nursing, Helwan University (IRB No. HNUR-2023-014; approval date: September 15, 2023). Institutional permission was obtained from the Dean of the Faculty of Nursing, October 6 University. All participants gave written informed consent before data collection.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
