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Article History

Received: 7 January 2025

Accepted: 30 September 2025

First Online: 27 October 2025

Change Date: 22 November 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: "The original online version of this article was revised. In the Acknowledgements section, the following information was missing: This work was supported by the Chonnam National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute [grant number: BCRI21044]. The statement in the Funding section was incorrectly given as 'This work was supported by Chungcheongbuk-do RISE (Regional Innovation System & Education) grants funded by the Ministry of Education and Chungcheongbuk-do' but should have been 'None'. The subsection 'Qualitative approach' and its related paragraph incorrectly appeared directly before the Results section but should have appeared at the start of section 'Phase 2: Qualitative study'. The article has been updated to rectify the errors."

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Department of Nursing and the Institutional Review Board (CNUH-2024-256) of Chonnam National University Hospital. The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Abiding by the research ethical conduct, all participants provided written informed consent. It was explained that the collected data would be used only for research purposes and treated as anonymous. The collected data were stored securely by giving only a personal ID, and the survey data were coded and used only for research purposes to ensure confidentiality and anonymity.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for the publication of their personal and clinical details, as well as any identifying images included in this study. Participants were informed that their data would be anonymized to protect their privacy.

: The authors declare no competing interests.