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Article History

Received: 21 June 2025

Accepted: 7 October 2025

First Online: 1 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University with approval number (IRB00013622). Following approval from the hospital’s administration and before embarking on data collection, written informed consent was obtained from participants after explaining the aim of the study and assuring confidentiality of the obtained data, securing anonymity, and respecting privacy.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.