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Article History

Received: 1 July 2025

Accepted: 10 October 2025

First Online: 31 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (approval code: IR.MUI.NUREMA.REC.1402.079), and official authorization was obtained from the participating hospitals before data collection. All participants received comprehensive verbal and written information regarding the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and their rights, including the freedom to decline or withdraw at any stage without consequence. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Given the potential emotional risks associated with recounting painful experiences, several protective measures were implemented. The interviews were managed by a researcher (Dr. Kalhor) with extensive expertise in psychiatric nursing to ensure a safe and supportive environment. Participants were reminded that they could pause or terminate the interview at any time. Upon completion, all participants were provided with information about professional counseling services to support their well-being if needed. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously maintained. Data were anonymized using participant codes, and all records were securely stored in password-protected files accessible only to the core research team. During manuscript preparation, artificial intelligence (AI) tools were used solely for technical assistance, specifically Persian-to-English translation and grammatical refinement. The authors independently reviewed, revised, and verified all AI-generated text to ensure accuracy and alignment with the study’s original findings and intent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.