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Article History

Received: 30 June 2025

Accepted: 10 October 2025

First Online: 17 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt (approval number 130–2024). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. Participation was entirely voluntary, with no clinical trials involving patients. Students retained the right to withdraw from the study at any time without repercussions. All procedures involving participants were conducted by the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images, videos, or clinical details) that require consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.