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Authors
Song, Li
Yuan, Li
Ye, Qiqi
Zhang, Zhijia
Song, Jiating
Huang, Daiyuan
Wen, Xi
Huang, Qihua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Nurses Association (P2023035)
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (approval No. BE2020-045-01). The study protocol conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki, with voluntary participation and electronic informed consent obtained prior to survey access. The initial page of the questionnaire provided comprehensive information on the study’s aims, procedures, and ethical safeguards. Participants were assured that their data would remain confidential and anonymous.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
