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Article History

Received: 9 January 2025

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 5 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the University of Hail Research Ethics Committee (under reference number: H-2024-398). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to participation, all the nursing students received detailed information about the study’s objectives and methodology. Self-administration was accompanied by an informed consent form. The participants provided written informed consent before the questionnaire was commenced. The participants were assured of their voluntary participation, confidentiality, and anonymity. They were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.