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Authors
O Yang, An-Chi
Lu, Shiou-Fang
Hu, Yi-Ting
Lu, Fang-Tsuang
Wang, Jen-Hung
Hu, Pei-Ru
Lo, Shu-Fen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Buddhist Tzu Chi Charity Foundation (111-CU-A05)
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 version). It received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital (IRB No. 110-115-B). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. For participants under the age of 20, consent was also obtained from their legal guardians.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
