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Authors
Chang, Li-Chun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-8995
Hung, Li-Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-1064
Liu, Ting-Wei
Huang, Chun-Hsia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8324-2640
Lin, Hui-Ling
Liao, Li-Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-2699
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (BMRP 978)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 113-2410-H-255-005-MY2)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (No. 202301878B0) on January 28, 2024, and was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
