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Article History

Received: 7 July 2025

Accepted: 4 November 2025

First Online: 15 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Yeditepe University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 1221, Date: 22.05.2020). Institutional permission was also obtained from the hospital administration prior to data collection. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants after they were provided with detailed verbal and written information about the study’s purpose, procedures, and voluntary nature. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.