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Authors
Yusuf, Fathi Yasin https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0975-156X
Yousif, Magda Elhadi Ahmed
Hussein, Abdiwali Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-2449
Abdi, Amal Abdullahi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3672-7095
Ahmed, Rahma Abdulqadir https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8153-4384
Elmi, Abdullahi Hassan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5038-8017
dahir Hassan, Gallad
Mohamoud, Jamal Hassan
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Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of SIMAD University’s Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia (Ref#: 2024/SU-IRB/FMHS/P0021). Informed consent was obtained from all participants after they received a clear explanation of the study’s voluntary nature, their right to withdraw at any time, and the assurance of confidentiality regarding their identities.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
