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Authors
Zhang, Shu
Jiang, Jianjun
Guan, Chang
Li, Juejin
Hu, Xiaolin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department Key Research and Development Program
the China Medical Board
the Ministry of Education University-Industry Collaborative Education Program
Sichuan University Graduate Students Education Teaching Reform Research Program
Chengdu Eastern New Area Municipal Administration Committee, Bureau of Culture and Tourism Program
Chengdu Eastern New Area Technology Innovation Research and Development Program
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the West China Hospital Ethical Review Committee before initiation (No. 2022996). All participants completed the questionnaires on a voluntary basis and signed an informed consent form. The study was conducted in strict accordance with the principles of confidentiality and anonymity. The study did not involve a clinical trial or any interventional procedures; thus, a clinical trial number is not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
