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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 12 November 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study protocol was approved by the University of Health Sciences Gülhane Scientific Research Ethics Committee (Number: 46418926 Decision No: 2022 − 200). In addition, written permission was obtained from the Dean’s Office of the Faculty of Nursing, Gülhane Campus, University of Health Sciences (Number: E-66181794-100-109320). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Before the study, participants were informed online about the purpose, scope and confidentiality principles of the study and digital informed consent was obtained from those who voluntarily agreed to participate. All participants understood and signed the informed consent and their privacy was kept strictly confidential. Clinical trial number: not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.