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Authors
Zhang, Dan
Yu, Qiang
Ning, Meng
Yang, Jiaxin
Li, Xuting
Chen, Zengyu
Huang, Chongmei
Liu, Yiting
Ren, Zhenhui
Bin, Chunhui
Yuan, Jianghao
Li, Yamin
Tian, Yusheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
湖南省自然科学基金 (2023JJ30764)
Chinese Nursing Association (ZHKY202306)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371553)
STI2030-Major Projects (2021ZD0200700)
Health Research Project of the Health Commission of Hunan Province (W20243200)
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (Ethical approval number: E20230048). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
