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Authors
Liu, Sai
Xiao, Yanchao
Nie, Manhua
Yuan, Xiaoqiong
Wang, Liping
Wang, Mi
Wu, Zhimei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (2024JJ9201)
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital. In addition, the informed consent was obtained from all nurses participated. The research procedures adhered strictly to the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and all subsequent amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
