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Article History

Received: 18 July 2025

Accepted: 28 November 2025

First Online: 6 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was considered the ethical principles outlined in the Revised Declaration of Helsinki (2024) [ ]. The study was approved by the Faculty of Health Sciences Higher Degrees Committee. The Research and Ethics Committee at the University of Johannesburg approved the study. The ethics committee of the institution where the study was conducted also approved and granted written permission for the study. The study was also registered on the National Health Research Database (NHRD GP-number: GP_202208.099). Clinical Trial Number: not applicable. Approval was obtained from the Faculty of Health Sciences Higher Degrees Committee on 11 August 2022 (reference no: HDC-01-59-2022). The Research and Ethics Committee at the University of Johannesburg approved the study on 3 August 2022 and renewed the approval on 26 July 2023 (clearance number: REC-1647-2022; NHREC registration: REC 241112-035). The ethics committee of the institution where the study was conducted also approved and granted written permission for the study. Participation in this study was voluntary. Participants were informed about the study’s purpose, potential risks and possible benefits. Informed consent to participate in the study and permission to audio-record the interviews was obtained from participants before the interviews commenced. Personal information appearing on the consent forms, field notes as well as transcribed data was kept confidentially and kept in a locked cabinet at the researcher’s office while electronic information was stored on a password-protected computer. Only researcher will have access to data. All records will be deleted after five years. Data were anonymised prior to data analysis by allocating pseudonyms to participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.