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Authors
Chang, Hongwei
Xiong, Danli
Hu, Deying
Yu, Ruiying
Liu, Yanjin
Dai, Dongmei
Lin, Zheng
Chen, Yongyi
Zhao, Guanghong
Tan, Rong
Wu, Hongyan
Liu, Yilan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Chinese Nursing Association, 2020 Research Projects. (ZHKY202006)
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2024
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (No. S161) and appropriate permission was obtained from the Director of Nursing of the participating hospitals. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations (Declaration of Helsinki) and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
