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Authors
Hsiao, Peng-Ching https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1761-8092
Lee, Shu-Yen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7636-5637
Lin, Chin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-2096
Chiou, Chou-Ping https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5769-3977
Chiang, Kai-Jo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-9108
Pan, Hsueh-Hsing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-3279
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Affairs Bureau (MAB-109-023, MND-MAB-110-097, MND-MAB-D-111108)
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Article History
Received: 15 February 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Tri-Service General Hospital in Taipei City, Taiwan (IRB No. C202105130). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.
: Informed consent was obtained from each participant for the use of their anonymized data for publication purposes before the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
