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Authors
Lee, Seung Eun
Park, So Young
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (RS-2023-00208138)
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by Yonsei University Health System Institutional Review Board (#4-2024-0608), Seoul, South Korea, and was conducted in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki. Study participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all participants of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. To minimize potential concerns about providing responses that might be perceived as unfavorable to their affiliated facility, we emphasized that all responses would be kept strictly confidential and anonymous. No personal identifiers were collected, and no individual- or facility-level data were disclosed to nursing home administrators.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
