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Authors
Huang, Huanhuan
Luo, Yetao
Huang, Qi
Chen, Zhiyu
Yang, Xin
Tang, Jiao
Tang, Wanyu
Tian, Xudong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chongqing Municipal Education Commission'sl4th Five-Year Key Discipline Support Project (20240102)
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2024
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (No. 2021-430). It adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. After explaining the anonymity and confidentiality of participation, nursing freshmen were informed that they could refuse to participate or withdraw from participation at any time without penalty. All participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
