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Authors
Mohamed Badran, Fawzia Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-0496
Rahman Gaber Khalifa, Marwa Abd El https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2561-3500
Elghannam, Howaida Moussa
Mohamed Ali, Eman Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-1148
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 25 December 2025
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethical approval to conduct the research was obtained from the Research Ethical Committee at the Faculty of Nursing, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt with (Code number, FAN/174/2025) All head nurses and nurses were given adequate information about the study’s purpose and objectives as well as its benefits. Written informed consent was obtained from each nurse prior to their participation in the study. The researchers made it clear that participation was entirely voluntary and that nurses had the right to withdraw at any point without facing any consequences. To maintain confidentiality, all data were coded.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
