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Authors
Yu, Xiaoyan
Li, Chunlin
Zhang, Yazhi
Zhou, Yanrong
Chen, Zi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2024 Nursing Research Fund (General Project) of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (2024D22)
2025 Nursing Research Fund of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (2025C06)
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was granted by the ethics committee of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (NO: TJ-IRB202409049) and strictly adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The participants were informed about this study, and they provided written informed consent after it was emphasized that participation was completely voluntary and participants could withdraw from the research at any time.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
