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Article History

Received: 4 December 2025

Accepted: 29 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Saud University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (IRB reference: KSU-HE-25-934, approval date: 1-9-2025. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. All eligible nurses received written and verbal information about the study aims, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their rights as participants, including the right to refuse participation or withdraw at any time without any impact on their employment, evaluation, or professional relationships. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

: No identifying personal or clinical details, images or videos of participants are included in this manuscript. Consent for publication of anonymised quotations from interviews was obtained from all participants at the time of data collection.

: The authors declare no competing interests.