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Article History

Received: 24 July 2025

Accepted: 30 December 2025

First Online: 8 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Xi’an Medical University (Approval Number: XYLS2025156). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. In the introductory statement of the paper-based questionnaire, participants were informed that the study was to be completed anonymously and that submitting the completed questionnaire constituted their voluntary participation in our survey. All participants were informed about the study’s goals and had the freedom to withdraw at any time. The study data are strictly confidential and are for research use only. All data collected were anonymized and treated with strict confidentiality, in accordance with ethical guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.