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Authors
Alizadeh, Mohammad https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1038-9569
Habibi Soola, Aghil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-3430
Shamshiri, Mahmood https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0465-7141
Mozaffari, Naser https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1895-5257
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was accepted by the research ethics committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (ethical approval ID: IR.ARUMS.REC.1403.334). Prior to participation, clinical nurses were fully informed of the objectives of the study and informed that their participation was voluntary. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant, and they were also assured that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. All ethical standards prescribed by the Declaration of Helsinki were strictly followed with measures taken to protect the privacy and confidentiality of participants. No identifying information will be disclosed in any publication or report that results from this research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
