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Article History

Received: 25 October 2025

Accepted: 31 December 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Chung-Ang University (No. 1041078-20240930-HR-277, approved on November 7, 2024) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants were fully informed about the study and provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.

: Not applicable: this manuscript contains no individual person’s data in any form.

: The authors declare no competing interests.