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Authors
Dalky, Heyam F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-4038
Obeidat, Rana S.
Haddad, Rabia H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-824X
Abuejheisheh, Ashraf Jehad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-3304
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval (IRB) was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing at Jordan University of Science and Technology (Reference No. 2024/156/13). and from the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the three participating hospitals. In addition, administrative permissions were secured from the respective hospital directors prior to participant recruitment. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all of the participants in the study. A self-reported questionnaire was used.
: No animals were used in this research. All human research procedures followed were under the ethical standards of the committee responsible for human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2009 and its amendments.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
