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Authors
Xie, Xueni
Tian, Yusheng
Yang, Jiaxin
Lei, Xue
Li, Yamin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chinese Nursing Association (ZHKY202306)
Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (KCTL202502)
Special Funding for Leading Disciplines – Clinical Nursing (XK202003L)
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 22 January 2026
Declarations
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: All participants in the study provided written informed consent, and the institutional review boards at the participating centers approved the final trial protocol and procedures. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Ethics approval number: LYF20230048). Clinical trial number: not applicable. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Since this study does not involve any identifiable personal information, publication consent is not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
