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Authors
Zhu, Shuyi
Li, Rui
Ren, Xuan
Huo, Jiawen
Tan, Qiqing
Hu, Xiangdi
Wang, Lin
Huang, Lishan
Luo, Aoxiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (Guangdong Joint Training Postgraduate Demonstration Base [Guangdong Teaching Research Letter (2024) No. 1-57])
Jinan University (Education and Teaching research and reform project of the Open Online Course Alliance for Universities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2025 [WGKM2025Ⅱ019])
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (Approval number: [2025]ⅡNo.39), and the permission was also obtained from the School of Nursing at Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. The study strictly adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants voluntarily participated and gave informed consent. Data collection and use followed the principles of confidentiality and anonymity.
: Not applicable.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used used Grammarly and Deepseek to in order to improve language. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
